Category: Hello Future


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NASA is funding research into 3D-printed food. Mechanical engineer Anjan Contractor received a $125,000 grant from the agency to build a prototype 3D printer with the aim of automating food creation. It’s hoped the system could provide astronauts food during long-distance space travel, but its creator has the loftier aim of solving the increasing food shortages around the world by cutting down on waste. The software for the printer will be open-source, while the hardware is based on the open-source RepRap Mendel 3D printer.

The concept is to use basic “building blocks” of food in replaceable powder cartridges. By combining each block, a wide range of foods should be able to be created by the printer. The cartridges will have a lifespan of 30 years, more than long enough to enable long-distance space travel. After proving his system works on a basic level by printing chocolate, Contractor will start his project within the next few weeks by attempting to print a pizza.

As Quartz reveals, the pizza printer will first print a layer of dough, which will be cooked while being printed, before mixing tomato powder with water and oil to print a tomato sauce. The topping for the pizza will be a nondescript “protein layer.” It’s early days for the project, but if it’s successful it would be a real milestone on the way towards a Star Trek-style Replicator.

Picture an assembly line that isn’t made up of robotic arms spewing sparks to weld heavy steel, but a warehouse of plastic-spraying printers producing light, cheap and highly efficient automobiles.

If Jim Kor’s dream is realised, that’s exactly how the next generation of urban runabouts will be produced. His creation is called the Urbee 2 and it could revolutionise parts manufacturing while creating a cottage industry of small-batch automakers intent on challenging the status quo.

Urbee’s approach to maximum miles per gallon starts with lightweight construction — something that 3D printing is particularly well suited for. The designers were able to focus more on the optimal automobile physics, rather than working to install a hyper efficient motor in a heavy steel-body automobile. As the Urbee shows, making a car with this technology has a slew of beneficial side effects.

Jim Kor is the engineering brains behind the Urbee. He’s designed tractors, buses, even commercial swimming pools. Between teaching classes, he heads Kor Ecologic, the firm responsible for the 3D printed creation.

“We thought long and hard about doing a second one,” he says of the Urbee. “It’s been the right move.”

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Honey, I shrank the computers <i>(Image: Plainpicture/Lohfink)</i>

Thousands of tiny computers that scavenge power from their surroundings could one day be used to monitor your world

THOUGHT your smartphone or tablet packed a big punch for its size? Pah, that’s nothing. The next generation of computers will be able to carry out complex calculations but will be little bigger than a snowflake.

Such tiny computers – nicknamed smart dust – would work much like their larger cousins, says Prabal Dutta at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. They will have tiny CPUs that run programs on a skeleton operating system and be able to access equally small banks of RAM and flash memory. The plan is for such sensor-packed machines to be embedded in buildings and objects in their hundreds or even thousands, providing constant updates on the world around us.

Dutta’s group is creating the first prototypes, which they have dubbed Michigan Micro Motes. These devices, a cubic millimetre in size, come equipped with sensors to monitor temperature or movement, say, and can send data via radio waves.

But how do you charge something so small? “The vision of blanketing the world with smart sensors is very compelling,” says Joshua Smith, head of the Sensor Systems Laboratory at the University of Washington in Seattle. “But a lot of sensor networks researchers found themselves surrounded by mountains of depleted batteries and dead sensor nodes.”

So, like microscopic Robinson Crusoes, the motes will live off the power they can scavenge from their surroundings. A mote near a light source might use a tiny solar panel, while a mote running somewhere with greater temperature extremes can be built to tap into that, by converting the heat energy that flows between hot and cold into electricity.

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Holographic Skype Meetings Will Take Place In The Near Future

Microsoft has started advertising for a new position that will help redefine how people telecommute, communicate and work. The ad for their ‘software development engineer’ wants to get users connected and bring them together with cutting edge 3D telepresence technology.

This developer will be tasked with helping the company develop hardware and software capable of offering holographic meetings for remote workers, with aims to “revolutionize communications and touch millions of customers around the world.” The job description states:

In the short term, we are developing the hardware and software necessary to have a realistic physical “body-double” or proxy in a remote meeting – one that gives the remote worker a true seat at the table, the ability to look around the room, turn to a colleague and have a side conversation. Longer-term, this same platform will enable high-definition communication scenarios for consumers over Skype.

Holographic Skype Meetings Could Be In Your Near Future

Bionic Ear

Fred and George Weasley may have met their match in a bionic ear created by Princeton scientists capable of “hearing” radio frequencies a normal, human ear cannot.

The researchers’ primary purpose when undertaking the project was to explore an efficient and versatile means of merging electronics with tissue, according to a press release from the university.

In order to achieve the final product, the scientists “printed” cells and nanoparticles that were then followed by a cell culture used to combine a small coil antenna with cartilage.

Creating organs using 3D printers is a recent medical and scientific advancement, and while reports of printed organs have surfaced over the past several months, the ear represents the first time researchers have successfully demonstrated that the technology can be used to interweave tissue and electronics.

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Studio Roosegaarde is set to expand its Intimacy 2.0 range of smart dresses that turn transparent based on electronic signals they receive.

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Hot on the heels of our recent coverage of the MJ v1.0, a jacket that enables wearers to make music solely by gesturing, we’ve come across another example of wearable tech. Netherlands-based design group Studio Roosegaarde is set to expand its Intimacy 2.0 range of smart clothing to include a men’s business suit which turns transparent when the wearer is being untruthful.

The group has already released its range of womenswear that turns transparent based on electronic signals it receives. The clothes used ‘smart e-foils’ that are naturally transparent but turn cloudy when light from LEDs are refracted through them. The dresses were connected to sensors that could detect the heart rate – when their bpm hit a certain point, the LEDs were turned off and the material became transparent. Now the studio hopes to apply similar technology to create a business suit for men that monitors their vitals to discern whether they are lying.

Although essentially a high-fashion concept that professionals are not likely to ever willingly wear, the idea does recognize the recent call by consumers for business transparency and corporate social responsibility. Are there other ways wearable technology could more positively help us reveal aspects of our personalities?

In recent years robots have been touted as the solution for a wide range of issues, such as assisting law enforcement in dealing with potentially explosive devices to providing aid to the elderly during home health care. However, the precision and delicate touch needed in such situations have remained slightly out of reach for even the most advanced robots, until now.

A group of roboticists at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta have developed a touch system that allows a robot to feel its way around various situations. Publishing their results in the International Journal of Robotics Research, the team revealed a new kind of robotic mechanism that uses a combination of touch and sight to navigate delicate maneuvers. Facilitated by what the team calls “artificial skin,” the development allows to robotic arm to feel its way through clutter and actually pick out specific objects, in much the same way as a human would.

Here’s something Star Trek never thought up: creating 3D works of art in a virtual reality and then replicating your finalized creations. Well, we just went hands-on with a system that does just that. And while our artistic skills might have turned out a little lacking, our minds are still blown by what we might accomplish with the Leonar3do virtual reality sculptor.

We stumbled upon Leonar3do at the New York Inside 3D Printing expo, and couldn’t have been more impressed. The Leonar3do system consists of a snazzy stylus (dubbed “the bird”), a pair of 3D glasses and a set of line sensors, which mount onto your 3D monitor. The line sensors track not only your glasses but the bird as well, optimizing your 3D experience.

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Artists impression of the canal house

It sounds like the ultimate do-it-yourself project: the print-your-own-home.

In place of bricks and mortar and the need for a construction crew, a customisable building plan which transforms itself from computer screen graphics into a real-world abode thanks to the latest in 3D printing technology.

That dream is still beyond our reach, but several teams of architects across the globe are engaged in efforts to take a major step towards it by creating the world’s first 3D-printed homes.

Amsterdam-based Dus Architects is one of the firms involved – it plans to print a canal house in the Dutch capital.

It’s worth taking a moment to reflect on that premise; the machine will not modestly 3D-print the usual cup, curtain ring or piece of jewellery, but an actual building.

The printer that will make this possible – the KamerMaker – is a marvel in itself. The name translates from Dutch as “room-maker”.

With a shiny metallic exterior, built from the carcass of a shipping container, it is 6m (19ft 8in) tall and would easily fill the average sitting room.

Using different types of plastics and wood fibres, the device takes computer-drawn plans and uses them to make first the building’s exterior walls, then the ceilings and other parts of individual rooms and then finally its furniture.

The pieces will be assembled on site like a huge jigsaw with parts attached to each other thanks to some of their edges having being shaped like giant Lego pieces, and the use of steel cabling to “sew” the elements together.

Each part is created using a layer-by-layer process in which solid objects take shape by printing thin “slices” of the construction materials, one level at a time, which bind together.

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A 3D printer built at Oxford University can produce droplet networks capable of folding in...

For the first time, scientists have printed structures that mimic the texture, consistency and certain properties of biological tissue.

The manmade “tissues” are nothing more than water droplets encased in oil, stacked atop one another, but the scientists were able to construct stable structures that held their form for weeks, structures that conducted electricity and even structures that folded similarly to how muscle cells do.

“These structures ―you can see them as basic tissues,” said Alex Graham, a doctoral student at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, and one of the authors of the new paper describing the materials. “It’s such a simple structure…but you can foresee in the future you could start to functionalize it in a way that could be useful.”

The researchers used a type of 3D printer to eject an aqueous solution (water containing some salts) into a bead of oil, which was suspended in more of the aqueous solution. By carefully arranging the droplets, the researchers were able to get them to stick together. In other words, Graham said, “You’re just dropping spheres onto other sticky spheres.”

After the “print” was completed, the researchers skimmed off the extra oil, leaving a sturdy, jelly-like structure that somewhat resembled brain and fat tissues.

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Rat kidney mounted in a bioreactor

Scientists have grown a kidney in a laboratory and shown that it works when implanted into a living animal. The work is an important step towards the longer-term goal of growing personalised replacement organs that could be transplanted into people with kidney failure.

More than 51,000 people are treated every year in the UK for end-stage kidney failure and 90% of those who are on the waiting list for organs are waiting for kidneys. A shortage of organs means that every year fewer than 3,000 transplants are carried out, however, while more than 3,000 people die waiting for a transplant.

There is no cure for kidney failure. The only available treatments – dialysis or receiving a transplant – just buy a patient more time but come with considerable limitations on quality of life. A patient on dialysis is advised to drink less than a litre of fluid per day, for example. And kidney transplants only last between 10 to 15 years on average, in addition to any complications caused by immune rejection.

Finding a new source of replacement organs that could be grown using the patient’s own cells and that could last a lifetime would, therefore, be a big leap forward.

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Another innovative feature has been added to the world’s first practical “artificial leaf,” making the device even more suitable for providing people in developing countries and remote areas with electricity, scientists reported here today. It gives the leaf the ability to self-heal damage that occurs during production of energy.

Daniel G. Nocera, Ph.D., described the advance during the “Kavli Foundation Innovations in Chemistry Lecture” at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society, the world’s largest scientific society. About 14,000 scientists and others are expected for the meeting, which continues through Thursday with almost 12,000 reports on advances in science.

Nocera, leader of the research team, explained that the “leaf” mimics the ability of real leaves to produce energy from sunlight and water. The device, however, actually is a simple catalyst-coated wafer of silicon, rather than a complicated reproduction of the photosynthesis mechanism in real leaves. Dropped into a jar of water and exposed to sunlight, catalysts in the device break water down into its components, hydrogen and oxygen. Those gases bubble up and can be collected and used as fuel to produce electricity in fuel cells.

“Surprisingly, some of the catalysts we’ve developed for use in the artificial leaf device actually heal themselves,” Nocera said. “They are a kind of ‘living catalyst.’ This is an important innovation that eases one of the concerns about initial use of the leaf in developing countries and other remote areas.”

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Forget your password: The future is ‘passthoughts’

Instead of typing your password, in the future you may only have to think your password, according to School of Information researchers. A new study explores the feasibility of brainwave-based computer authentication as a substitute for passwords.

The project was led by School of Information professor John Chuang, along with Hamilton Nguyen, an undergraduate student in electrical engineering and computer science; Charles Wang, a first-year I School MIMS student; and Benjamin Johnson, formerly a postdoctoral scholar at the I School. Chuang presented the team’s findings this week at the 2013 Workshop on Usable Security at the Seventeenth International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security in Okinawa, Japan. Since the 1980s, computer scientists have proposed the use of biometrics for computer authentication.

Systems requiring fingerprint scans, retina scans, or facial or voice recognition are far more secure than passwords, since fingerprints are hard to forget and harder to steal. But such systems are also slow, intrusive, and expensive. Biometric authentication has never gained wide acceptance; other than a few high-security settings, it remains more science fiction than science fact. In recent years, security researchers have proposed using electroencephalograms (EEGs), or brainwave measurements, for computer authentication, replacing passwords with “pass-thoughts.”

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Image of robot ants

Robots built to mimic ants suggest that real ants waste little, if any, mental energy deciding which way to go when they reach an uneven fork in the road, according to a new study. Instead, the ants just take the easiest route as dictated by geometry.

“The shape of their network relieves some of the cognitive load for the ants; they don’t need to think about it,” Simon Garnier, a biologist at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, told NBC News. “The shape of their networks has constrained their movement in a way that is more efficient for them.”

The findings have implications for understanding ant biology as well as how humans design transportation networks for the flow of people, information and goods.

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Humans beware: Skynet is one step closer to actually happening.

The Pentagon is readying a four-year project to boost AI systems by building machines that can teach themselves and get smarter over time while also making it easier for ordinary people to build them.

The Pentagon is using its research division, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, to back this project. DARPA is inviting scientists to a Virginia conference to brainstorm on April 10.

Machine learning can be used to make better systems for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; a core military necessity. It can also be used for making better speech recognition systems, self-driving cars and to keep pace against internet spam filling up search engines and e-mail inboxes.

“Our goal is that future machine learning projects won’t require people to know everything about both the domain of interest and machine learning to build useful machine learning applications,” DARPA program manager Kathleen Fisher said in an announcement.

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The Japanese have done it again! For the first time in human history,they have successfully utilized sperm cells created with stem-cell techniques to fertilize eggs and produce live, normal offspring. They  used embryonic stem cells of mice to make primordial germ cells,which are the precursors for sperm cells. Scientists have for ages  tried to create sperm by using stem cells in earlier in-vitro studies using mice and human cells, but up until now they haven’t been successful. The breakthrough research by the Asian scientists, led by Professor Mitinori Saitou from the Kyoto University, is published  as an abstract in the journal Cell, entitled: “Reconstitution of the Mouse Germ Cell Specification Pathway in Culture by Pluripotent Stem Cells”.

They then transplanted them into the testicles of infertile mice, after which the cells produced normal-looking sperm. The mature sperm cells were used to fertilize eggs and produced healthy, fertile offspring. These findings will encourage further research into the process of how primordial germ cells develop, something that has been difficult to investigate because these cells don’t grow in vitro. Whether future findings eventually will lead to new discoveries in human fertility remains a question. Human and mouse embryonic stem cells have different properties and any research of this kind with human stem cells will of course become an ethical issue as well.

It was only a couple of years ago when 3D was being touted as the next must-have featurein every gadget, but we all know how that fizzled out. The main issue with 3D devices is that they need glasses to work. Even glasses-free 3D gadgets tend to fall short because of the poor viewing angles. And while 4K resolution may be the next big thing for displays, HP has a cooler idea: a 3D display that produces hologram-like videos and images that actually works like the ones you see in sci-fi movies.

As MIT Technology Review explains, HP Labs’ display is a modified LCD that uses nanopatterned grooves to scatter light in different directions. These “directional pixels,” as HP researcher David Fattal calls them, reflect different light rays off of an object and sends the different images to a person’s left and right eye, thus tricking them into seeing a hologram-like image.

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New electronic tattoos could help monitor health during normal daily activities.

close-up skin graph

Taking advantage of recent advances in flexible electronics, researchers have devised a way to “print” devices directly onto the skin so people can wear them for an extended period while performing normal daily activities. Such systems could be used to track health and monitor healing near the skin’s surface, as in the case of surgical wounds.

The tiny medical lab can be implanted under the skin. It uses a mobile phone to send doctors details from onboard sensors, so patients can be remotely monitored

A blood laboratory small enough to be implanted under the skin could revolutionise healthcare, researchers claimed today. Measuring just 14mm long, it uses a mobile phone to send medical staff updates on a patient’s health.

The team at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne say the gadget could be invaluable for patients undergoing chemotherapy, and could even warn of an impending heart attack by monitoring key chemicals in the bloodstream. The implant is only a few cubic millimeters in volume but includes five sensors, a radio transmitter and a power delivery system. Outside the body, a battery patch provides 1/10 watt of power, through the patient’s skin – so there is no need to operate every time the battery needs changing. The researchers behind the device say it will allow doctors to monitor high risk patients from anywhere. ’It will allow direct and continuous monitoring based on a patient’s individual tolerance, and not on age and weight charts or weekly blood tests,’ said EPFL scientists Giovanni de Micheli, who led the research. To capture the targeted substance in the body – such as lactate, glucose, or ATP – each sensor’s surface is covered with an enzyme. ’Potentially, we could detect just about anything,’ said De Micheli. ’But the enzymes have a limited lifespan, and we have to design them to last as long as possible.’ The enzymes currently being tested are good for about a month and a half; that’s already long enough for many applications. ’In addition, it’s very easy to remove and replace the implant, since it’s so small.’

In patients with chronic illness, the implants could send alerts even before symptoms emerge, and anticipate the need for medication. ’In a general sense, our system has enormous potential in cases where the evolution of a pathology needs to be monitored or the tolerance to a treatment tested.’ The electronics were a considerable challenge, the researchers said. ’It was not easy to get a system like this to work on just a tenth of a watt,’ de Micheli explains. The researchers also struggled to design the minuscule electrical coil that receives the power from the patch. Researchers hope the system will be commercially available within 4 years.

In what will be the first operation of its kind, an anonymous man is on track to receive a 3D-printed prosthesis that will replace 75 percent of his skull cap, according to Oxford Performance Materials (OPM), the company that is supplying the cranium replacement.

The news comes after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave OPM its approval to use poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK) as a skull implant. As opposed to metallic compounds such as stainless steel and titanium found in many prosthetics, PEKK has the advantage of being more flexible, more resistant to abrasion, and more similar to bone in terms of density and stiffness.

And now people with skulls injured by disease or trauma are now cleared to get operations in the U.S., even though OPM has been selling 3D-printed implants as a contract manufacturer overseas.

According to TechNewsDaily, OPM’s 3D-printed prosthetics can also encourage cell growth:

“3D printing’s advantage comes from taking the digitally scanned model of a patient’s skull and ‘printing’ out a matching 3D object layer by layer. The precise manufacturing technique can even make tiny surface or edge details on the replacement part that encourage the growth of cells and allow bone to attach more easily.”

OPM president Scott DeFelice says up to 500 patients in the U.S. could benefit from skull bone replacement every month, specifically those with cancerous skull bones, car accident victims and U.S. military personnel. The skull prosthetic will lay the groundwork for using PEKK to replace other bony voids says DeFelice, which will be a huge win for medical science and another win for 3D-printing.

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